diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/usr/UserList/useUserList.ts b/frontend/src/pages/usr/UserList/useUserList.ts
index 4a67fa8..f6d0e2e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/usr/UserList/useUserList.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/usr/UserList/useUserList.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ export function useUserList(): UseUserListReturn {
   const messageRef = useRef(message);
   messageRef.current = message;
 
+  // 卸载守卫：避免异步取数 resolve/reject 在组件卸载后 setState（防内存泄漏 / 测试环境拆除后报错）
+  const mountedRef = useRef(true);
+
   /** 以给定 query 取数；同步 total/pageNum/pageSize 回显（BR15）；错误码分流（spec § 4） */
   const runFetch = useCallback(async (q: UserListQuery) => {
     setQuery(q);
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ export function useUserList(): UseUserListReturn {
     setError(null);
     try {
       const pageData = await listUsers(q);
+      if (!mountedRef.current) return;
       setList(pageData.records);
       setTotal(pageData.total);
       // 信任后端回显（越界回退最后一页等），同步分页当前页/页大小（BR15）
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ export function useUserList(): UseUserListReturn {
       });
       setLoading(false);
     } catch (err) {
+      if (!mountedRef.current) return;
       const apiErr = err instanceof ApiError ? err : new ApiError(-1, TEXT_MSG_NETWORK);
       setLoading(false);
       if (apiErr.code === ERR_PAGE_INVALID) {
@@ -92,7 +97,11 @@ export function useUserList(): UseUserListReturn {
 
   // 挂载即以默认条件取数（initialLoading，BR2）
   useEffect(() => {
+    mountedRef.current = true;
     void runFetch({ ...DEFAULT_QUERY });
+    return () => {
+      mountedRef.current = false;
+    };
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
   }, []);
 
@@ -140,11 +149,11 @@ export function useUserList(): UseUserListReturn {
       const pageData = await listUsers({ ...cur, pageNum: 1, pageSize: fetchSize });
       const csv = buildUserCsv(pageData.records);
       downloadCsv(EXPORT_FILENAME, csv);
-      messageRef.current.success(TEXT_EXPORT_SUCCESS);
+      if (mountedRef.current) messageRef.current.success(TEXT_EXPORT_SUCCESS);
     } catch {
-      messageRef.current.error(TEXT_EXPORT_FAIL);
+      if (mountedRef.current) messageRef.current.error(TEXT_EXPORT_FAIL);
     } finally {
-      setExporting(false);
+      if (mountedRef.current) setExporting(false);
     }
   }, [total]);
 
diff --git a/frontend/tests/unit/UserTable.test.tsx b/frontend/tests/unit/UserTable.test.tsx
index 31d4d85..34b153a 100644
--- a/frontend/tests/unit/UserTable.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/tests/unit/UserTable.test.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // REQ-USR-003: UserTable 表格单测（BR1/BR6/BR11/BR12/BR14/D8）
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
-import { screen, within } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
 import { renderShell } from './renderShell';
 import UserTable from '../../src/pages/usr/UserList/UserTable';